Faculty

Supratim Ray

Associate Professor

Office : Ground floor of PRL at Central Animal Facility
Phone : 080-22933437
E-Mail : sray[at]iisc.ac.in
web : https://cns.iisc.ac.in/sray/

Research Areas

Mechanisms of attention and gamma oscillations; Modeling and Signal Processing; Brain-Computer Interfacing


Research Details

Our lab studies the neural basis of selective attention, with a focus on a brain rhythm called “gamma” (30-80 Hz), which is modulated by attentional load and is thought to be linked to high-level cognitive processes. Attentional mechanisms have been studied at several different recording scales – from single neurons in monkeys to diffuse population measures such as electro-encephalography (EEG) in humans. However, the relationship between signals recorded from such different scales is poorly understood. The long-term goal of this research is to elucidate the mechanisms of attention by linking the neural recordings obtained from these vastly different scales. This involves recording of electrical activity from the brains of both humans and non-human primates using a variety of techniques while they are engaged in certain cognitive tasks, development of advanced signal processing techniques to build the “links” across recording scales, and mathematical modeling of brain signals, including gamma oscillations, using dynamical system approach as well as detailed biophysical models. Establishment of this cross-species, cross-scale link between brain signals has far reaching applications, such as in Brain-computer Interfacing (BCI) and clinical diagnosis of brain disorders.

Publications

Pattisapu S and Ray S, (2023), Stimulus-induced narrow-band gamma oscillations in humans can be recorded using open-hardware low-cost EEG amplifier, PLoS One, 18(1), e0279881

Shirhatti V, Ravishankar P and Ray S, (2022), Gamma oscillations in primate primary visual cortex are severely attenuated by small stimulus discontinuities, PLoS Biology, 20(6), e3001666

Prakash SS, Mayo JP and Ray S, (2022), Decoding of attentional state using local field potentials, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 76, 102589

Liza K and Ray S, (2022), Local interactions between steady-state visually evoked potentials at nearby flickering frequencies, Journal of Neuroscience, 42(19), 3965-74

Ray S, (2022), Spike-Gamma phase relationship in visual cortex, Annual Review of Vision Sciences, 8:1

Murty DVPS and Ray S, (2022), Stimulus-induced robust narrow-band gamma oscillations in human EEG using cartesian gratings, Bio-protocol, 12(7), e4379

Krishnakumaran R, Raees M, Ray S, (2022), Shape analysis of gamma rhythm supports a superlinear inhibitory regime in an inhibition-stabilized network, PLoS Computational Biology, 18, e1009886

Kumar WS, Manikandan K, Murty DVPS, Ramesh RG, Purokayastha S, Javali M, Rao NP and Ray S, (2022), Stimulus-induced narrowband gamma oscillations are test-retest reliable in healthy elderly in human EEG, Cerebral Cortex Communications, 3(1), tgab066

Murty DVPS, Manikandan K, Kumar WS, Ramesh RG, Purokayastha S, Nagendra B, Abhishek ML, Balakrishnan A, Javali M, Rao NP and Ray S, (2021), Stimulus-induced Gamma rhythms are weaker in human elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease, Elife, 10, e61666.

Prakash SS, Das A, Kanth ST, Mayo JP, Ray S, (2021), Decoding of attentional state using high-frequency local field potential is as accurate as using spikes, Cerebral Cortex, 31(9), 4314-4328

Das A and Ray S, (2021), Effect of cross-orientation normalization on different neural measures in macaque primary visual cortex, Cerebral Cortex Communications, 2(1), tgab009.

Dinavahi MVPS, Manikandan K, Kumar WS, Ramesh RG, Purokayastha S, Javali M, Rao NP, Ray S, (2020), Gamma oscillations weaken with age in healthy elderly in human EEG, Neuroimage, 215, 116826

Salelkar S and Ray S, (2020), Interaction between steady-state visually evoked potentials at nearby flicker frequencies, Scientific Reports, 10, 5344

Kanth ST and Ray S, (2020), Electrocorticogram (ECoG) is highly informative in primate visual cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, 40(12), 2430-2444

Dubey A and Ray S, (2019), Cortical electrocorticogram (ECoG) is a local signal, Journal of Neuroscience, 39(22), 4299-4311

Salelkar S, Somasekhar GM, and Ray S, (2018), Distinct frequency bands in the local field potential are differently tuned to stimulus drift rate, Journal of Neurophysiology, 120:, 681-692

Dinavahi MVPS*, Shirhatti V*, Ravishankar P* and Ray S, (2018), Large visual stimuli induce two distinct gamma oscillations in primate visual cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 2730-44

Subhash Chandran KS, Seelamantula CS, and Ray S, (2018), Duration Analysis Using Matching Pursuit Algorithm Reveals Longer Bouts of Gamma Rhythm, Journal of Neurophysiology, 119(3), 808-821

Biswas A and Ray S, (2017), Control of alpha rhythm (8-13 Hz) using neurofeedback, Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 97:4, 527-531

Subhash Chandran K S, Mishra A, Shirhatti V and Ray S., (2016), Comparison of Matching Pursuit algorithm with other signal processing techniques for computation of the time-frequency power spectrum of brain signals, Journal of Neuroscience, 36(12): 3399-3408

Shirhatti V, Borthakur A, and Ray S, (2016), Effect of Reference Scheme on Power and Phase of the Local Field Potential, Neural Computation, 28(5), 882-913.

Dubey A and Ray S, (2016), Spatial Spread of local field potential is band-pass in the primate visual cortex, Journal of Neurophysiology, 116(4):1986-99

Ray S and Maunsell, JHR, (2015), Do gamma oscillations play a role in cerebral cortex?, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(2), 78-85.

Ray S, (2015), Challenges in the quantification and interpretation of spike-LFP relationships, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 31, 111-118.

Srinath R and Ray S., (2014), Effect of Amplitude Correlations on Coherence in the Local Field Potential, Journal of Neurophysiology, 112(4), 741-751

Ray S, Ni AM and Maunsell JHR., (2013), Strength of Gamma Rhythm depends on Normalization, PLoS Biology, 11(2), e1001477.

Ni AM, Ray S and Maunsell JHR, (2012), Tuned Normalization Explains the Size of Attention Modulations, Neuron, 73(4), 803-813.

Ray S and Maunsell JHR, (2011), Different origins of gamma rhythm and high-gamma activity in macaque visual cortex, PLoS Biology, 9(4), e1000610.

Ray S and Maunsell JHR, (2011), Network rhythms influence the relationship between spike-triggered local field potential and functional connectivity, Journal of Neuroscience, 31(35), 12674-12682.

Ray S, Niebur E, Hsiao SS, Sinai A and Crone NE†, (2008), High-frequency gamma activity (80-150 Hz) is increased in human cortex during selective attention, Clinical Neurophysiology, 119(1), 116-133.

Ray S†, Hsiao SS, Crone NE, Franaszczuk PJ and Niebur E, (2008), Effect of stimulus intensity on the spike-local field potential relationship in the secondary somatosensory cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, 28(29), 7334-7343.

Ray S†, Crone NE, Niebur E, Franaszczuk PJ and Hsiao SS, (2008), Neural correlates of high-gamma oscillations (60-200 Hz) in macaque local field potentials and their potential implications in electrocorticography, Journal of Neuroscience, 28(45), 11526-11536.

Muniak MA, Ray S, Hsiao SS, Dammann JF, Bensmaia SJ†, (2007), The neural coding of stimulus intensity: linking the population response of mechanoreceptive afferents with psychophysical behavior, Journal of Neuroscience, 27(43), 11687-11699.

Ray S†, Jouny CC, Crone NE, Boatman D, Thakor NV, Franaszczuk PJ, (2003), Human ECoG analysis during speech perception using matching pursuit: a comparison between stochastic and dyadic dictionaries, IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering, 50(12), 1371-1373